India has 29 states and a single Prime Minister or President can’t manage everything. Hence each state has its own government.
The Constitution clearly tells the matters (subjects) which the state government will deal and the matters which the union government will deal. For example, public health and sanitation is on the state subject list. It would be silly if each time a minister had to fly down from Delhi to check on a hospital in Satara or Bajrangipur. ( Atharva, underlined ones are optional)
The Railways, Atomic Power, Border Security, etc on the other hand, are Union subjects. The reason is that these have an effect on the entire country.
INDIAN UNION GOVERNMENTS
- President and Prime Minister are the head.
- The Supreme Court is the supreme judicial power
- Located in the national capital ( New Delhi)
INDIAN STATE GOVERNMENTS
- Governor and Chief Minister are the head.
- The High Court is the supreme judicial power
- Located in the capital of the respective states
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